Another paper on the correlation "Sunspots and the Arctic" Even WMO are on board with this. I know some here will deny that WMO have stated similar or even the same. Trust me it is there. Was only reading it a few week s ago!
Interesting paper -
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-22854-0
Solar cyclic variability can modulate winter Arctic climate
Solar signature captured in the polar vortex ‘Annular Features’ from the upper stratosphere down to the lower troposphere
The whole study compared and contrasted two different techniques, Compositing and Multiple Linear Regression, but the main finding is the same; that the sun can modulate winter Arctic climate via the AO.
(AO- Artic Oscillation index)
Abstract
This study investigates the role of the eleven-year solar cycle on the Arctic climate during 1979–2016. It reveals that during those years, when the winter solar sunspot number (SSN) falls below 1.35 standard deviations (or mean value), the Arctic warming extends from the lower troposphere to high up in the upper stratosphere and vice versa when SSN is above. The warming in the atmospheric column reflects an easterly zonal wind anomaly consistent with warm air and positive geopotential height anomalies for years with minimum SSN and vice versa for the maximum. Despite the inherent limitations of statistical techniques, three different methods – Compositing, Multiple Linear Regression and Correlation – all point to a similar modulating influence of the sun on winter Arctic climate via the pathway of Arctic Oscillation. Presenting schematics, it discusses the mechanisms of how solar cycle variability influences the Arctic climate involving the stratospheric route. Compositing also detects an opposite solar signature on Eurasian snow-cover, which is a cooling during Minimum years, while warming in maximum. It is hypothesized that the reduction of ice in the Arctic and a growth in Eurasia, in recent winters, may in part, be a result of the current weaker solar cycle.
I am impressed with the observation (detrended) that opposite anomalies occur for the said region.
i.e during solar maximum periods the Euroasian area is warmer than the Arctic region and OPPOSITE during the polar minimums
View attachment 1035520
Solar signature captured in the polar vortex ‘Annular Features’ from the upper stratosphere down to the lower troposphere
Such a strong signature strengthens the idea of a solar influence from the top.
In summary, for solar Min years, the warm air column is associated with positive geopotential height anomalies and an easterly wind, which reverses during Max years. Such NAM feature is clearly evident supporting the hypothesis of communicating a solar signal to Arctic via winter NAM.
