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22/03/18
10:19
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Originally posted by Blue swims
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Yes Josey it’s been suggested in a few papers by Thorne/ Trendall and Kranendonk studying the stratigraphy in the Pilbara , and describing this layer ( around 2.77 Ga).
It was a period of intense volcanic activity.
More specifically the studies suggested a Phreomagmatic eruption with possibly pyroclastic flows and some air fall ash. Also described at this time is fissure eruption(s). Sections of rock wall are fractured off with heat and milling occurs in superheated gas, creating large spherical boulders, the exfoliated pieces have sharp angular edges.
It’s clear these are VOCANICLASTIC conglomerates and mostly lain down in a subaqueous environment They include pyroclastic flows, basalt flows and also incorporate previous river and lake material( fluvial/ lacustrine).
These mafic basalt flows are also highly amygdaloidal ( lots gas pores called - vesicules ), lava erupting underwater causes the gas to expand quickly as it cools in the water, and trapped under an ash layer would cause these vesicules to expand even larger ( 10-20mm).
These mafic basaltic beds are highly permeable and the vesicules are frequently filled with deposited minerals called amygdules ( other spaces called vuggs are also filled).
This is due to things such as interaction between with the mafic minerals, temperate drop, CO2 ,AND the hydrothermal alteration fluids ( often as overlapping phases, and different fluids)
Amygdules can come in many mineral forms such as quartz,iron even copper.
Latin for amygdules is ‘almond shaped’.
Mafic lava breaks down relatively quickly.After billions of years of metamorphism and a kilometre of rock above it ,it would just look like compacted material with flattened amygdules ( and vuggs), it’d be then I’d call them ‘watermelon seed shaped’.
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Hey @Blue swims
Great post. I would really like to have a read of TT&K's paper.
Haven't looked yet, do you know if it s published under a specific name?
My gut is telling me this type of event fits in somehow.
Are those flat water mellon seed nugs just gold lapilli?